Title : Black Sea water and aquacultures risks and challenges
Abstract:
Most coastal ecosystems of the Black Sea are faced with novel challenges associated with Anthropogenic factors and all activities and climate change, water acidification, warming, eutrophication, and organic/inorganic, plastic, and pesticide pollution. However, data on the independent or combined effects of the Black Sea acidification and warming on coastal eutrophication and organic pollution at present are relatively limited outcomes on the plankton and aquacultures. Farmers are many times the main polluters of overfishing and overusing of different chemicals near the Black Sea coast during intensive Farming reflecting the fact that acidification alone favors eutrophication and organic pollution while warming alone inhibits these two variables. Differently, the interactions between acidification and warming in the future may further exacerbate organic pollution but may mitigate the progress of eutrophication. These different responses of eutrophication and organic pollution to acidification and warming may be attributed to algae growth and microbial respiration, as well as some physical processes such as stratification. According to the World Bank statistics about 11 million tons of plastic waste enter the Global world Ocean every year, with this number expected to triple by 2040. This plastic comes primarily from mismanaged waste streams – a result of economic and population growth outpacing infrastructure development. While awareness of the problem of marine debris has increased rapidly over the past few years, there is still a considerable gap in understanding and implementation of realistic solutions, such as stopping land-based leakage through improved waste management and reducing the amount of single-use plastic produced. There is also a need to connect these solutions with the unique needs and priorities of communities to ensure sustainable and efficient use of local resources.
