The aquatic transcriptome refers to the complete set of RNA transcripts present in aquatic organisms at a given time, reflecting gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. Through transcriptomic analysis, researchers can gain insights into how aquatic species adapt to changes such as temperature fluctuations, salinity, and stress. This information is invaluable for improving aquaculture practices by identifying genes related to disease resistance, growth, and environmental adaptability. Transcriptome studies enable the development of breeding programs targeting traits like resilience and growth performance, leading to healthier and more productive farmed species in the aquaculture industry.