Marine animals are susceptible to various diseases, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. These diseases can significantly impact aquaculture and natural populations, leading to losses in productivity. Common diseases like vibriosis and white spot syndrome require careful monitoring and management. Effective prevention includes biosecurity, vaccination, and environmental management, as factors like temperature shifts can exacerbate disease spread. Advanced diagnostic tools enable early detection and containment, helping maintain animal welfare and farm productivity. Disease management is essential for aquaculture's long-term sustainability, preserving both farmed and wild marine populations.