Fish Immune Systems

The immune system of fish is designed to safeguard them from a variety of pathogens in their aquatic habitats. Fish rely primarily on two types of immunity: innate and adaptive. The innate immune response is immediate and non-specific, involving physical barriers like skin and mucous that help block pathogens, along with immune cells such as macrophages that attack invaders directly. While fish have a less developed adaptive immune system compared to mammals, it still plays an essential role by producing specific antibodies and creating memory cells to recognize and fight off previous infections. Research into fish immunity is vital for improving aquaculture practices, as it informs the development of vaccines, breeding programs for disease-resistant fish, and nutritional strategies that bolster their natural defenses, ultimately enhancing overall fish health and production efficiency.